Thursday, March 22, 2012

Ο τρίτος παγκόσμιος πόλεμος ... για το νερό! ....

Πέτρος Κατσάκος (protothema gr)
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Παγκόσμια ημέρα του νερού σήμερα και περίπου δύο δισεκατομμύρια άνθρωποι ζουν σε περιοχές όπου τα αποθέματα πόσιμου νερού συνεχώς ελαττώνονται, ενώ ο αριθμός τους αναμένεται να αυξηθεί στα πέντε δισεκατομμύρια μέχρι το 2025.

Η ξηρασία, την οποία επιδεινώνει η παρατηρούμενη υπερθέρμανση του πλανήτη και η οποία δυστυχώς αναμένεται να ενταθεί τα επόμενα χρόνια, ήδη υπολογίζεται ότι στοιχίζει τη ζωή σε 1,8 εκατομμύρια ανθρώπους ετησίως σε ολόκληρο τον κόσμο, ιδίως εξαιτίας της κατανάλωσης ακατάλληλου ύδατος.



Σύμφωνα με στοιχεία των Ηνωμένων Εθνών το 20% του πληθυσμού της Γης εξακολουθεί να μην έχει πρόσβαση σε πόσιμο νερό, δηλαδή αριθμητικά, πάνω από ένα δισεκατομμύριο άνθρωποι, ενώ ποσοστό 40% περίπου, δεν απολαμβάνει, ούτε στο ελάχιστο τις απαιτούμενες συνθήκες υγιεινής.


Οι εκτιμήσεις είναι ακόμη πιο δυσοίωνες καθώς πιθανές συγκρούσεις ενδέχεται να ανακύψουν μεταξύ των κρατών που μοιράζονται διασυνοριακά αποθέματα πόσιμου νερού. Περισσότερες από 50 χώρες σε πέντε ηπείρους ενδέχεται να εμπλακούν σύντομα σε διενέξεις γύρω από το νερό, εκτός αν κινηθούν γρήγορα προς την κατεύθυνση σύναψης συμφωνιών για το πώς θα μοιραστούν μεταξύ τους, τις φυσικές δεξαμενές ύδατος, τους ποταμούς ή τα υπάρχοντα υπόγεια υδροφόρα στρώματα.


Κι αν αυτή η γενική εικόνα περιγράφει μια ζοφερή κατάσταση, τα δεδομένα για τον πλέον πολύτιμο μη-ανανεώσιμο φυσικό πόρο - το νερό - είναι ακόμη πιο ανησυχητικά... Και είναι πιο ανησυχητικά ακριβώς γιατί το νερό αποτελεί το βασικό αγαθό για τη συνέχιση της ζωής στον πλανήτη και κάθε άλλο παρά σε αφθονία βρίσκεται - παρά την επικρατούσα ψευδαίσθηση περί αφθονίας του. Πόσο πιθανό είναι όμως οι επόμενοι πόλεμοι της ανθρωπότητας να έχουν ως διακύβευμα το νερό; Μήπως το συγκεκριμένο βίντεο υπερβάλλει άνευ αιτίας;
 Κι αν αυτά δεν είναι αρκετά για την αιτιολόγηση του "ρεαλιστικού" στοιχείου του παραπάνω βίντεο, αρκεί μια ματιά σε πρόσφατη έρευνα που δημοσιεύτηκε στην επιστημονική επιθεώρηση "The Nature" και αποκαλύπτει πως το 80% του παγκόσμιου πληθυσμού - ή αν θέλετε 5 δις άνθρωποι - ζει σε περιοχές απειλούμενες ως προς την ασφάλεια των υδάτινων πόρων.

Στην απευκταία λοιπόν περίπτωση που η ανθρωπότητα υποκύψει εκ νέου στον απόλυτο παραλογισμό ενός Γ' Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, μία από τις βασικές αιτίες - αν όχι η κυριότερη - θα είναι το νερό! Υπό αυτό το πλαίσιο, ένα βίντεο με δολοφόνους, κατασκόπους και λίγο από James Bond, δεν φαντάζει και τόσο υπερβολικό.
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5 comments:

  1. Polémica en Chile por la posible venta de agua patagónica de glaciar a Qatar....

    Más de un kilómetro de espesor. La tercera reserva mundial de agua dulce del mundo y la segunda del Hemisferio Sur, tras la Antártida. Casi 10 metros de precipitaciones anuales en forma de nieve. Más de 17.000 kilómetros cuadrados de hielo ininterrumpido. El glaciar que llega al nivel del mar más cercano al Ecuador, el ventisquero San Rafael.

    A pesar de su gran desconocimiento, los impresionantes datos del Campo de Hielo Patagónico Norte, de 4.200 kilómetros cuadrados de superficie, y del Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur, de 13.000 kilómetros cuadrados, localizados en las Regiones chilenas de Aisén y Magallanes, y en la provincia argentina de Santa Cruz, dejan a cualquiera helado.

    Sin embargo, el emprendimiento empresarial chileno ha generado una nueva polémica. Este fin de semana, el diario qatarí 'Gulf Times' reveló unas declaraciones en las que aparecía Jean Paul Tarud, el embajador chileno ante Emiratos Árabes Unidos, declarando que el país andino quería vender agua dulce de glaciar a Qatar.

    La nación, una de las más ricas de Oriente Medio, es también una de las que tiene un mayor consumo de agua potable per cápita del mundo, aunque posee uno de los niveles de lluvia más bajos y depende de la desalinización de agua de mar para satisfacer las necesidades de sus habitantes.
    Preparado el primer envío

    Según el diario qatarí, el recurso natural se extraería del Campo de Hielo Patagónico Sur. Tarud señaló a 'Gulf Times' que el agua descongelada de glaciar es "incomparable" en términos de calidad y pureza.

    El diplomático chileno agregó además que "Chile posee una de las capacidades más grandes del mundo para exportar agua dulce" y que la zona es una confiable fuente de agua dulce. Su aprovechamiento -insistió- no tiene ninguna de las desventajas del proceso de la desalinización.

    El diario indicó también que al menos dos 'containers' de agua están ya preparados para ser enviados de Chile a Qatar, y que la firma involucrada está esperando el visto bueno de los respectivos gobiernos para mandar muestras en aproximadamente un mes.

    La noticia ha dado lugar a una considerable controversia que comenzó a gestarse en las redes sociales y que se ha trasladado a los medios de comunicación. Los ciudadanos chilenos desconocían este tipo de negociaciones con productos medioambientales básicos.
    Comercialización a gran escala.......http://www.elmundo.es/america/2013/05/13/noticias/1368467966.html
    13/5/13

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  2. Egypt’s water war....

    Alleged ‘Ethiopian-Israeli plot’ to divert the waters of the Blue Nile infuriates Cairo; experts warn the new dam would destroy Egyptian agriculture....

    Ethiopia’s commencement on Wednesday of construction on the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, which experts say would dramatically alter the course of the Blue Nile waters and be Africa’s largest dam, has sparked a major diplomatic crisis with Egypt. The project represents an Ethiopian-Israeli plot to cripple Egypt, Arab dailies allege, and could push Egypt to launch a military strike.

    The London-based pan-Arab daily Al-Hayat reports that the Ethiopian ambassador to Egypt was summoned yesterday by the Egyptian Foreign Ministry to clarify his country’s announcement that construction of the dam would proceed......http://www.timesofisrael.com/egypts-water-war/
    30/5/13

    ReplyDelete
  3. Ethiopian dam top priority: FM-designate tells AA ...

    Egyptian Foreign Minister-designate Nabil Fahmy asserted Sunday that the Ethiopian dam issue will top his agenda in the coming period
    CAIRO

    Foreign Minister-designate Nabil Fahmy asserted Sunday that the Ethiopian dam issue will top his agenda in the coming period.

    Speaking shortly after accepting the new position, Fahmy said several important files will figure high on his agenda including “restoring Egypt’s regional role and the Ethiopian dam.”

    Ethiopia unexpectedly announced in May changing the Blue Nile route as part of Renaissance dam project, which Egypt fears would affect its share of the Nile water.

    Fahmy, who served as Egypt’s ambassador to the US between 1999 and 2008, said earlier today that Prime Minister-designate Hazem Biblawi offered him the top diplomat job and he accepted.

    Biblawi was asked to form a new government by interim President Adly Mansour, who was sworn in under a roadmap by the powerful army that ousted elected President Mohammad Morsi and suspended the constitution.
    http://www.aa.com.tr/en/rss/203860--whehww
    14/7/13

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  4. About half of the world's population will experience a shortage of drinking water by 2030 - UN Secretary-General...

    About half of the world's population will experience an acute shortage of drinking water by 2030, stated UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at the opening of the Water Summit 2013 which began in Budapest on Tuesday.

    According to him, the demand for water may exceed its production by 40 %. Ban Ki-moon called on to join forces to prevent “unsustainable use” of the world's water resources and to ensure its proper and equitable distribution. Since a large amount of water is spent for the maintenance of crops, the Secretary General called for an improved irrigation system that will save water resources. Also, the Secretary General stressed that despite the looming threat of water shortage, the global community must do everything possible to avoid conflicts between different countries and societies arising due to this problem.

    The Water Summit 2013 is taking place from 8th to 11th of October in the capital of Hungary, Budapest.
    Read more: http://indian.ruvr.ru/news/2013_10_08/About-half-of-the-worlds-population-will-experience-a-shortage-of-drinking-water-by-2030-UN-Secretary-General-8477/
    8/10/13

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  5. ‘Water to become a driver of tensions and conflicts in next 20 years’...

    The growth of the world’s population will lead to the exacerbation of water supply problems and push more countries into conflicts over water resources, water specialist Russell Sticklor told RT.

    The United Nations estimates that within 15 years around half of the world's population will suffer from a lack of water. About a fifth of the global population is currently under so-called 'water stress', with their countries' underground reserves already severely depleted. This figure is dramatically rising with almost one third of the world's population predicted to be hit by critical shortages over the next decade. At the same time, the demand for fresh water has tripled over the past five decades, and global water consumption is looking less likely to sustain population growth.

    RT: Water has always been taken for granted. Should it be?

    Russell Sticklor: Absolutely not. I think one the big reasons why historically we have been able to take water for granted is because there has been an ample supply of it. The planet has never had so many people on it as it currently does just over 7 billion people. Since WWII the world has experienced massive population growth both in the Middle East and North Africa, in Asia, in Sub-Saharan Africa. Between now and 2050 we are expected to add 2 more billion people to the total global population. For that reason the competition for access to water is going to become more and more of a feature of global affairs. For that reason we have been able to take it for granted in the past, with more people on the planet and everyone needs water, there is going to be more competition for it.

    RT: Are we to see water wars in the future?

    RS: It’s worth noting that in the past the Middle Eastern countries had gone to war over water, with water being the cause for the conflict. If we take Israel and the Palestinian territories for example, since the 1940s water has been an active source of disagreement between the two sides, but it is something that had them spill over into violent conflict. In the Middle East we see some other potential flash points for conflict, for example, Turkey, Syria and Iraq share the Euphrates River and depend on water from this river. All of these three countries are also experiencing significant population growth. So the question becomes as each of these countries sharing a certain water source, as the population grows, how will they find ways to make sure that each country has access to enough water for their economy, for agriculture, for households.

    One other area in the Middle East I’d point to is Egypt. Egypt and Ethiopia both share the waters of the Nile. Historically they had about the same population back in the 1950s, there was about 20-25 million people in each country. Today each country has the population in the low 80 millions. However, during the next 40 years Ethiopia’s population is going to expand much more quickly than Egypt’s. Yet, Egypt relies on the Nile that starts in Ethiopia to receive its water. So right now Ethiopia is building a very large dam on the Nile in order to have water for hydroelectricity, for Ethiopia’s own development, and this is something that has definitely worried Egypt.

    It’s one of the reasons that former UN Secretary General Boutros Boutros-Ghali said about 25 years ago “Future fighting in the Middle East is most likely going to revolve around water”. I think we are starting to see the very early stages of that.................http://rt.com/op-edge/165068-global-population-water-competition/
    10/6/14

    ReplyDelete

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